First, ceramic tableware: don't choose "glaze color"
Ceramic tableware is versatile, delicate, smooth, bright and easy to clean. It is the first choice for most households to buy tableware. However, the glaze on the ceramic surface may become a healthy killer. Lead, mercury, radium, cadmium, etc. in the colored glaze are all harmful elements to the human body.
The manufacturing methods of ceramic tableware are divided into three types: glaze color, glaze color and underglaze color. The glaze color ceramic is made of pigment paper on the glaze surface or directly painted on the surface of the product, and then baked at low temperature. Since the baking temperature does not reach the degree of melting of the glaze layer, the flower surface cannot be sunken. In the glaze, the glaze-colored ceramics are touched by hand, and the flower surface has a distinct concave and convex feeling. The baking temperature of the glazed ceramics can melt the glaze, the pigment can sink into the glaze, and after being cooled, it is covered by the glaze layer, the surface of the product is smooth, and the hand touch has no obvious unevenness. All the underglaze color ceramics are made on the porcelain slab. After glazing, it is fired once at a high temperature. The flower surface is covered with glaze layer, which looks bright, flat and smooth.
Harmful metals are mainly derived from glaze pigments. Radioactive element radium can kill white blood cells. Cadmium, lead and mercury are heavy metals. Cadmium and lead can cause liver or other visceral poisoning. Mercury can cause liver and kidney hardening. Long-term use of glazed tableware for vinegar, wine, juice, vegetables and other foods with high organic acid content, lead and other heavy metals in the tableware will dissolve and enter the body with the food, long time will lead to chronic heavy metal poisoning.
In order to reduce costs, some small ceramic manufacturers purchase low-cost raw materials with high lead and cadmium content and unstable performance. In the production process, due to excessive decoration area, insufficient baking temperature or improper processing of workers, etc., the lead dissolution of ceramic products will not meet the standard. Even some individuals and private companies are arbitrarily shortening the baking time or reducing the temperature of baking flowers in order to make more profits. The use of old-fashioned baking stoves based entirely on workers' experience seriously restricts the quality of ceramic tableware.
Second, glass tableware: "Crystal glass" hidden dangers
The glass meal has the characteristics of high hardness, stable chemical properties, smooth and easy surface, and environmental protection. Glass tableware is hygienic and contains no toxic substances.
Crystal glass tableware is a threatening source of lead pollution. Since the content of lead oxide in crystal products is as high as 20-30%, it is used to hold water, which generally does not cause lead poisoning. However, if used to hold wine, the wine will dissolve lead in crystal glass products, and the longer the time is dissolved The more the amount. Similarly, when using crystal glass containers for foods, especially cola, honey, and juice-based acidic foods, lead ions are also prone to form soluble lead salts that are ingested by the human body with beverages or foods, which is a serious health hazard. Therefore, crystal glass products are called "beautiful killers" by scientists.
Third, plastic tableware: "color" is good to see no health
In the tableware market, plastic products are light and not easy to break, and they are resistant to glass products. However, the health hazards and safety of plastic tableware have always been the focus of attention.
Many plastic tableware have beautiful color schemes on the surface. If the content of lead, cadmium and other metal elements in the pattern exceeds the standard, it will cause harm to the human body. On the surface of a typical plastic product, there is a protective film. Once the film is scratched by a hard device, harmful substances are released. The surface of inferior plastic tableware is often not smooth, and harmful substances are easily leaked out. Therefore, consumers should try to choose plastic tableware without decorative patterns, colorless and odorless, smooth surface and strong hand feeling.
Fourth, the melamine tableware should be cleaned properly.
The melamine tableware is called melamine tableware, which is made by heating and pressing mold of melamine resin powder. Because of its excellent solvent resistance, the product has the characteristics of flatness, non-toxicity, odorlessness, resistance to falling, and automatic arc extinguishing. It has been widely used in tableware and daily necessities in recent years. However, the current market is full of inferior melamine tableware, which has buried great hidden dangers for consumers' health. At the same time, qualified melamine tableware, if used improperly, will also threaten people's health.
Due to the special nature of the molecular structure of melamine plastic, for the sake of safety, try not to contain acidic or oily substances. The melamine tableware is not suitable for use in a microwave oven, and should not be used in an environment with too large a temperature difference, otherwise it may cause cracking. For the cleaning of melamine tableware, use a softer rag. Never use rags such as scouring pads and decontamination powder to clean the surface of the tableware, because scouring pad and decontamination powder will wipe the surface of the tableware, making it more susceptible to contamination. Try not to put the melamine tableware in the pot to cook the food, because the high temperature is easy to cause the toxic substances in the color case or tableware material to be precipitated.
Five, enamel utensils: pregnant women are best to use less
Enamel is a composite material coated with a layer of vitreous enamel on a metal body and fired at a high temperature. It is widely used in daily necessities of consumers. Enamel is divided into two series of glass enamel and cast iron glass enamel. It has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, heat shock resistance, high temperature resistance, impact resistance and easy cleaning, and the production cost is not high. However, improper use of enamelware may lead to lead poisoning. This is because the calcination temperature of enamel is much lower than that of glass, and the chemical properties are not very stable. In the case of enamel products, especially when the surface protective layer is detached, the presence of acidic substances may cause the lead content of the substances contained therein to exceed the standard. In particular, pregnant women should avoid using enamel utensils to drink hot beverages, acidic beverages or enamel utensils to hold other acidic foods in case toxic metal elements are harmful to the mother and the fetus.
